The impact of tobacco on the respiratory system


Inhaled into the body act harmful components of tobacco smoke. Available in smoke ammonia is irritating to mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, larynx, trachea and bronchi. As a result of developing a chronic inflammation of the airways. Stimulation ¬ Niko Tin nasal mucosa can lead to chronic catarrh, which is spreading on the course, which connects the nose and the ear can cause hearing loss.
Smoke acts on the vocal cords. Prolonged smoking leads to the fact that in them is growing fibrous tissue, narrowing the glottis. Chronic irritation of the vocal cords change tone and color of pronunciation, the voice loses its purity and sonority becomes hoarse, that for singers, actors, teachers, lecturers may end professional unsuitability.
Getting into the trachea and bronchi (the airways, the air enters the lungs), nicotine acts on their mucous membranes and the upper layer, which has to ¬ leblyuschiesya cilia, cleaning the air of dust and small particles. Nicotine paralyzes the cilia, and the particles of tobacco smoke are deposited on the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi.
The smallest of their size allows them to penetrate deeply and settle in the lungs.
The mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea and bronchi from frequent smoking irritated and inflamed. Therefore, chronic tracheitis and chronic bronchitis - diseases common to smokers. Mnogochisleinye study of Soviet and for-eign scientists have identified the harmful role of smoking in the development of chronic inflammation in the airways. Thus, those who smoked per day to one pack of cigarettes, chronic bronchitis occurs in about 50% of cases, up to two packs - 80% in non-smokers the same - only 3% of cases. J. Kazarevich (Yugoslavia), investigating more than two thousand smokers and more than 6 thousand non-smokers, showed 55.6% of bronchitis in smokers and 6.3% non-smoking. Soviet scientist SP Oleynikov found that chronic bronchitis in smokers observed in 7 times more likely than non-smokers, and 5 times more likely than quitters. Surveys of young people found smoking in violation of their respiratory lung function, greater incidence of cough and colds. These effects were reversible and were within a few weeks after smoking cessation.
A typical sign of a smoker - coughing up mucus dark-colored particles from tobacco smoke, especially tantalizing in the morning. Cough - a natural protective reaction by which the release of the trachea and bronchi by mucus produced by glands in the bronchi strongly influenced by smoking and inflammation due to inflammatory edema ¬ bronchial mucosa, as well as the settled particles of tobacco smoke. Lighting the first cigarette in the morning, a smoker irritates the upper respiratory tract, and this causes a cough. No remedy in such cases do not help. The only way - to stop smoking.
Coughing causes emphysema (enlargement) of the lungs, manifests itself in the form of shortness of breath, difficulty breathing. The degree of severity of chronic bronchitis, emphysema depends on the duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked and the depth of inhaling.

Lungs have a greater total surface - when you inhale an average of 90 m2. In quiet breathing they contain about 3 liters of air. With a deep and heavy breathing if ¬ tional to the air rises to 6 liters or more. Smokers are less than these figures. In the bronchi and the lungs is about 50% of solid particles of tobacco smoke.

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